The objective of this study was to develop a comprehensive method for characterizing the components of lithium-ion battery (LIB) electrolytes, including common lithium salts, additives, impurities, and degradation products. The analysis was conducted using High Performance Ion Chromatography (HPIC) coupled with conductivity detection (CD) and mass spectrometry (MS). Simulated LIB electrolytes, consisting of organic carbonate mixtures, were subjected to this dual-detection approach. To optimize the analytical process, the column temperature was elevated, and an acetonitrile-gradient was employed, resulting in reduced analysis time and increased efficiency.

The results demonstrated that the combination of CD and MS allows for the effective analysis of all electrolyte components within a 40-minute timeframe. The method’s suitability was further validated by investigating the hydrolysis of various lithium salts. The integration of an organic solvent gradient, along with CD and MS detection, significantly enhanced the chromatographic resolution, sensitivity, robustness, and versatility of the analysis. This advanced methodological approach offers a streamlined and efficient process for the detailed characterization of LIB electrolytes, contributing to improved battery performance and longevity.