The rise of electric vehicles will create millions of retired lithium-ion batteries, requiring fast diagnostics for second-life use. This work proposes a cost-effective electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) method that uses a broadband pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS) and time-resolved frequency analysis, enabling module-level EIS measurements from 10 Hz down to 10

In this study, we present a JMAK-based model to analyze lithium plating in lithium-ion batteries. The onset of plating is identified by a bell-shaped curve during the constant-voltage charging phase. By fitting the model to this curve, it analyzes plating quantity, growth rate, and dimensionality, providing key insights into plating

The designed standard test characterizes Li-ion cells plating behavior, revealing the dependency of plating on temperature and current. Panasonic cells exhibit greater plating than Sony cells under identical conditions, with reversible plating assessed via Differential Voltage Analysis (DVA) and irreversible plating determined by capacity differences before and after plating.

All-solid-state lithium-ion batteries (Li-ASSBs) exhibit superior safety and energy density relative to conventional liquid electrolyte-based cells. Sulfide-based solid electrolytes (SEs) demonstrate ionic conductivities approaching those of liquid electrolytes at ambient temperature [1], alongside low interfacial resistance owing to their compliant mechanical properties [2]. However, their intrinsically poor particle cohesion mandates